高中英語的時(shí)態(tài)有哪些？1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，例句： We have six classes every day. 我們每天上六節(jié)課。2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，例句：I am playing computer games now.我正在打電腦游戲。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，例句：She has been to New York twice. 她已經(jīng)去過紐約兩次。4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，那么，高中英語的時(shí)態(tài)有哪些？一起來了解一下吧。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過去時(shí)/一般將來時(shí)/一般過去將來時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)/將來進(jìn)行時(shí)/過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/將來完成時(shí)/過去將來完成時(shí)
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)/將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)/過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
就這16個(gè),初中高中都包括在內(nèi)
*^_^*~
參照上表，由第1列至第4列（豎著看）對(duì)應(yīng)的16種時(shí)態(tài)分別是：
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，例句：We have six classes every day. 我們每天上六節(jié)課。
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，例句：I am playing computer games now.我正在打電腦游戲。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，例句：She has been to New York twice. 她已經(jīng)去過紐約兩次。
4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，例句：He has been teaching math for 10 years.他已經(jīng)教數(shù)學(xué)10年了。
5. 一般過去時(shí)，例句：I bought 2 comic books yesterday.昨天我買了2本漫畫書。
6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，例句：We were playing basketball at 6 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午6點(diǎn)我們正在打籃球。
7. 過去完成時(shí)，例句：The train had already left by the time I got to the station.在我到達(dá)車站前，火車就已經(jīng)離開了。
8. 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，例句：At last he got the offer from the university he had been expecting.他終于收到了期盼已久的大學(xué)錄取通知書。
高中英語語法中有很多容易混淆的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，以下是一些常見的：
1.時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和將來完成時(shí)等。這些時(shí)態(tài)在使用時(shí)需要根據(jù)語境和時(shí)間狀語來確定。
2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)是英語中常用的一種語態(tài)，它表示動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο蟆５牵谑褂帽粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要注意主謂一致和動(dòng)詞形式的變化。
3.虛擬語氣：虛擬語氣用于表示假設(shè)、愿望、建議等非真實(shí)情況。虛擬語氣的形式比較復(fù)雜，需要根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間和條件來變化。
4.定語從句和名詞性從句：定語從句和名詞性從句都是復(fù)合句中的一種，它們都由一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。但是，定語從句修飾先行詞，而名詞性從句則在句子中充當(dāng)名詞的作用。
5.非謂語動(dòng)詞：非謂語動(dòng)詞包括不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞三種形式。它們?cè)诰渥又锌梢猿洚?dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語或狀語等成分。但是，在使用非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需要注意它們與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
6.倒裝句：倒裝句是指將謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之前的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。倒裝句有很多種類型，如完全倒裝、部分倒裝等。在使用倒裝句時(shí)，需要注意主謂一致和動(dòng)詞形式的變化。
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【時(shí)態(tài)的基本概念】
時(shí)態(tài)是表示謂語動(dòng)作時(shí)間概念的動(dòng)詞形式.英語中的時(shí)態(tài)專指謂語動(dòng)詞而言,不同時(shí)間概念的謂語動(dòng)作有不同的時(shí)態(tài),每一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)又有各自不同的動(dòng)詞形式.
高中階段要求學(xué)生熟練掌握八種時(shí)態(tài),此外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在高中教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn),也應(yīng)列入“應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)”的范圍.
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或規(guī)律性的動(dòng)作.
Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. (P.2, Senior Book1B)
The moon travels round the earth once every month. (P. 8, Senior Book2B)
在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的概念.引起時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, unless; so(as)long as.
I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. (P.52, Senior Book1A)
2.一般過去時(shí)：過去發(fā)生過了的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束.諸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語.
Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. (P.34, Senior Book2B)
The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. (P.34, Senior Book2B)
3.一般將來時(shí)：將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.
----It’s a bit windy today, isn’t it?
----Yes, it is. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. (P.43, senior Book2B)
Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted. (P.20, Senior Book2B)
Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built? (P.24, Senior Book2B)
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.
I’m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. I’m trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me? (P. 1, Senior Book2B)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)同always配合使用時(shí),帶有厭惡、批評(píng),不喜歡等感情色彩.
They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. (P.3, Senior Book1B)
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí):過去某一時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. (P.32, Senior Book2B)
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. (P.6, Senior Book1B)
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動(dòng)作.
Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. (P.13, Senior Book2B)
同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：“剛剛探訪了朱夫人,給她帶了口信”,這件事距現(xiàn)在時(shí)間很近,沒有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.
We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. (P.19, Senior Book1B)
同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)知道有關(guān)她的經(jīng)歷,不會(huì)影響做出決定.
7.過去完成時(shí)：比過去的一個(gè)參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作,作為參照的過去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間有時(shí)在句子中直接表述出來,有時(shí)通過上下文暗示.
Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. (P.14, Senior Book2B)
本句中had left her a lot of money 發(fā)生在her parents were dead之前,比較容易看出“過去的過去”,應(yīng)該不會(huì)產(chǎn)生理解上的困難.
Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy. (P.3, Senior Book2B)
課文一直在敘述愛因斯坦的經(jīng)歷、成就,使用的都是一般過去時(shí).或者我們可以說一般過去時(shí)是課文的基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài).課文的最后又倒敘愛因斯坦少年時(shí)代的事情,這是比基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)更早的動(dòng)作,因此兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞都用過去完成時(shí).在這類句子中,作為參照的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間需要我們通過對(duì)文章的整體理解才能體會(huì)出來.
8.過去將來時(shí)：以過去某一時(shí)間為參照,將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.在賓語從句中由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求,經(jīng)常會(huì)用到過去將來時(shí).
I thought it was going to be fun. (P.54, Senior Book1A)
針對(duì) I thought 這個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作而言的將來.
9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 由過去開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在句子中一般可以翻譯成“一直┉”.
People have been talking of it a lot recently. (P.25, Senior Book2B)
最近人們一直在大量地談?wù)撨@件事.
Pippa’s parents have been waiting for them. ( P.61, Senior Book2A)
Pippa的父母一直在等他們.
For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs. (P.37, Senior Book2B)
多年來我們一直夢(mèng)想著更好的住房和工作.
【相關(guān)知識(shí)及運(yùn)用】
1.一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別.
上述三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嘟牡胤?這個(gè)相近之處就是“過去”.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的概念都同“過去”有關(guān),彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生.只有抓住他們的不同,才能熟練地將這三種時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開.
①一般過去時(shí)只用以陳述過去發(fā)生過的事情.
In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge. (P.56, Senior Book2B)
向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點(diǎn)、人物等有關(guān)信息.
②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過去,但說話時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,語意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在.這種過去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況：
a)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍具有影響.
----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?
----Sorry, I have seen it before.
have seen the film的動(dòng)作肯定發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是“我不想和你去看了”.
b)過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.表示這種延續(xù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到for、since一類時(shí)間狀語.
I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)
We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. (20年前發(fā)生的 “l(fā)ive”,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)
③過去完成時(shí)必須有一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作作為參照點(diǎn),由此發(fā)生了同一般過去時(shí)混淆的問題.過去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),它必須有一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作為參照,比這個(gè)過去的參照動(dòng)作更早的動(dòng)作才能用過去完成時(shí).如果沒有這個(gè)過去的參照的動(dòng)作,就沒有過去完成時(shí),即使是一億年前的動(dòng)作也是一般過去時(shí).
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
got to the cinema是過去的動(dòng)作,had begun則發(fā)生在got to the cinema 之前.
進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的兩種概念
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)都具有兩種不同的時(shí)間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念.
①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念就是“說話的時(shí)候”.表示瞬間概念時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)是,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)開始,正在過程中,但尚未結(jié)束.
基于這一特點(diǎn),下列句子通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),以表達(dá)動(dòng)作沒有結(jié)束.
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
I’m getting on well with my English.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念通常用表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語表達(dá)出來.
I was doing my homework this time yesterday.
Mother was cooking when I came home.
②階段概念的時(shí)間狀語是“段時(shí)間”,表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在做的動(dòng)作,至于動(dòng)作是否結(jié)束則不是說話者所關(guān)心的.
He is writing a new novel these days.
這些天他一直在寫一本新小說.（沒有干其他的事情）
The workers were building a bridge last year.
這些工人們?nèi)ツ暌恢痹谛藿ㄒ蛔鶚?
2.將來時(shí)的五種動(dòng)詞形式
1.will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形,用以表示“預(yù)見”和“主觀意圖”
Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. (P1, Senior Book2A) （表示“預(yù)見”）
Let’s go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. (P.19, Senior Book2A) (表示“主觀意圖)
2.be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形,用以表示“打算做某事”或“已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況.
I’m going to cut this tree down. (P.25, Senior Book1B)
It is going to rain. (有跡象表明將要下雨)
3.be to +動(dòng)詞原形,用以表示按照計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示命令、禁止.
The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. (P.33, Senior Book2B)
4.will be doing,在當(dāng)代英語中用以表示純粹的將來.
Who will be taking over her job?
Everybody else will be wearing jewellery. (P.13, Senior Book1B)
5.用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式表示將來的概念.這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樗查g動(dòng)詞不可能有“進(jìn)行”的概念,所以不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義.
How many of you are making the trip? (P.9, Senior Book1B)
Is anybody seeing you off? (P.13 Senior Book1A)
【語態(tài)的基本概念】
語態(tài)是表示主語、謂語和賓語之間相互關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式.在英語中有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之分.
主動(dòng)語態(tài)所表達(dá)的主、謂、賓之間的關(guān)系是：主語發(fā)出或執(zhí)行謂語動(dòng)作,謂語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者為賓語.即主語同謂語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系,謂語同賓語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)所表達(dá)的關(guān)系是：動(dòng)作的承受者做句子的主語,這時(shí)句子的主語和謂語之間具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.
Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another. (P.8, Senior Book2B)
謂語動(dòng)詞use同主語satellites for broadcasting具有邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此使用被動(dòng)語態(tài).我們可以將這個(gè)句子恢復(fù)成正常的主、謂、賓關(guān)系：
We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.
【相關(guān)知識(shí)及運(yùn)用】
1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式問題：
在語言實(shí)踐中,語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)總是結(jié)合在一起使用,每一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都有同它相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式：語態(tài)助動(dòng)詞be + 過去分詞.
凡需進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí),只將be 變?yōu)榕c其相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)形式,過去分詞永遠(yuǎn)不變.
動(dòng)詞do 的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)形式變化對(duì)照表
主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do ( does )am(is, are )+ done
一般過去時(shí)didwas(were )+ done
一般將來時(shí)will(shall) dowill be + done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am(is are )doingam(is,are)being+done
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was(were) doingwas(were)being+done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have(has) donehave(has)been+done
過去完成時(shí)had donehad been+done
過去將來時(shí)would dowould be + done
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have(has)been doing沒有被動(dòng)形式
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Had been doing沒有被動(dòng)形式
Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me; Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)
Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane. (P.9, Senior Book2B)
They are already being used in agriculture and industry. (P.26, Senior Book2B)
Computer will be used more and more in transport. (P.26, Senior Book2B)
A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people . (P.46, Senior Book2B)
初中階段：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)初步掌握）
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)
高中階段：除掌握上述基本時(shí)態(tài)外，還要進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)：
一般過去將來時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，過去將來完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
共十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其實(shí)初中階段的那八種時(shí)態(tài)最為重要，需熟練掌握運(yùn)用；高中階段的所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)更側(cè)重于理解。
以上就是高中英語的時(shí)態(tài)有哪些的全部?jī)?nèi)容，高中英語語法中有很多容易混淆的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，以下是一些常見的：1.時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和將來完成時(shí)等。這些時(shí)態(tài)在使用時(shí)需要根據(jù)語境和時(shí)間狀語來確定。2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)是英語中常用的一種語態(tài)。
